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上一節(jié)內(nèi)容中，我們主要介紹了句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。今天接著來分析一下Inferring trip purposes anduncovering travel patterns from taxi trajectory data這篇文章里面段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系問題。文章內(nèi)容太多，此處僅以Introduction部分做一個樣例分析。量無需多，而是要有這樣的分析思維，以便在閱讀文獻(xiàn)中積累，之后在寫作中應(yīng)用。開始吧！

Introduction

第一段第一句：

The rapid development of information andcommunication technologies (ICTs) has boosted human mobility studies in recentyears（開篇，引出后面前人在human mobility上的研究）。

第一段最后一句：

Hence,we are facing a dilemma in which the giventrajectory data are rich, but the activity information is poor.（前面提到了這么多humanmobility研究，必須說明下研究現(xiàn)狀的不足，以體現(xiàn)本文的研究必要性）

第二段第一句：

GPS-enabled taxicabs, as a part ofintelligent transportation systems, havecontributed to informing and improving urban transportation management in recent years. （趕緊把相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的敘述從humanmobility引導(dǎo)到transportation management上來，接著做敘述）

第二段最后一句：

However,most existing research has focused on the geometricand temporal characteristics of taxi trajectories while ignoring activityinformation（同理，也說明了在transportation management中，研究者也并沒有深入地去挖掘活動信息，二是簡單地以時空分析為主）

第三段第一句：

Anarray of related studies have concentrated on semantically enriching individuals’movements based on mobile phone calls and GPS-traced individual data, ranging from extracting stops andmoves(Alvares et al. 2007), inferring activities during stops (Furletti et al.2013; Huang, Li, and Yue 2010; Jiang et al. 2013; Spinsanti, Celli, and Renso2010; Xie, Deng, and Zhou 2009), and identifying transportation means oftravels (Zheng et al. 2008).（終于忍不住要來說主題了：出行活動語義研究，這方面有人做了、、、的研究）

第三段最后一句：

Thispaper introduces a Bayesian activity inference frameworkthat takes both spatial and temporal constraints into consideration. A case study is conducted to validatethe framework using taxi trajectory data collected in Shanghai, China. Thespatiotemporal characteristics of different daily activities are also analyzedbased on the results.（開始吹牛，show time。你看吧，前面這么多研究都不夠好，我提出的方法綜合考慮多方因素，并用實(shí)例驗(yàn)證，厲害吧。）

你看每一段的開始和結(jié)束處都有過渡，讀來完全不突兀?。?！

Wait,wait,wait.給各位分享一個彩蛋！它叫“重（chong）述語意”。

什么叫重（chong）述語意？？？

說白了就是，同樣的內(nèi)容在不同的模塊再說幾遍。往往在abstract、introduction、conclusion中會對研究的內(nèi)容、方法和結(jié)果重復(fù)地說，以強(qiáng)調(diào)表達(dá)。如果都是一樣的單詞、一樣的句型、相同的詳細(xì)度，會讓文章的可讀性很差?？纯磧?yōu)秀的作者是如何“搞革命，干生產(chǎn)”的吧！

作者在Abstract中是這樣寫的：

This study provides a novel and practicalframework for inferring the trip purposes of taxi passengers such that thesemantics of taxi trajectory data can be enriched. The probability of points ofinterest to be visited is modeled by Bayes’ rules, which take both spatial andtemporal constraints into consideration. Combining this approach with MonteCarlo simulations, we conduct a study on Shanghai taxi trajectory data. Ourresults closely approximate the residents’ travel survey data in Shanghai. Furthermore,we reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics of nine daily activity types basedon inference results, including their temporal regularities, spatial dynamics,and distributions of trip lengths and directions.

在Introduction中則變成了這樣：

This paper introduces a Bayesian activityinference framework that takes both spatial and temporal constraints intoconsideration. A case study is conducted to validate the framework using taxitrajectory data collected in Shanghai, China. The spatiotemporal characteristicsof different daily activities are also analyzed based on the results.

分析

下面我們來進(jìn)行下簡要的分析，看看哪些相同的內(nèi)容用了哪些不同的語句來進(jìn)行表述。

重述語意基本技巧一：同義詞（詞組等）替代

例句1：This study provides a novel and practical framework for inferringthe trip purposes of taxi passengers such that the semantics of taxi trajectorydata can be enriched.

例句2：This paper introduces a Bayesian activityinference framework that takes both spatial and temporal constraints intoconsideration.

This study --> This paper; provides --> introduces; trip purposes\ semantics --> activity

重述語意基本技巧二：采用全新的表達(dá)

例句1：Combining this approach with Monte Carlo simulations, we conduct astudy on Shanghai taxi trajectory data. Our results closely approximate theresidents’ travel survey data in Shanghai.

例句2：A case study is conducted to validate theframework using taxi trajectory data collected in Shanghai, China.

we conduct（主動語態(tài)）--> is conducted（被動語態(tài)）

重述語意基本技巧三：拆分與重組，詳略交錯

例句1：Our results closely approximate the residents’ travel survey datain Shanghai. Furthermore, we reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics of ninedaily activity types based on inference results, including their temporalregularities, spatial dynamics, and distributions of trip lengths anddirections.

例句2：The spatiotemporal characteristics ofdifferent daily activities are also analyzed based on the results.

詳細(xì)敘述-->忽略細(xì)節(jié)，簡化表達(dá)

重述語意的好處：

1)語句靈活而不單調(diào)，可以增強(qiáng)文章的可讀性，讀者的耐性以及審稿人的好感；

2) 多種不同的表達(dá)形式可以讓讀者更好地理解所表達(dá)的意思