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本章節(jié)，我們將以科技論文的結(jié)構(gòu)框架主線，從題目、摘要、引言、文獻(xiàn)綜述、模型方法、結(jié)果展示、討論、致謝、參考文獻(xiàn)等9個(gè)模塊分別開展敘述。在每個(gè)模塊中會(huì)詳細(xì)解釋它的作用、注意事項(xiàng)、敘述套路、典例分析和語(yǔ)句摘錄，讓讀者對(duì)科技論文的行文結(jié)構(gòu)有一個(gè)非常好的把控。

Abstract

“我強(qiáng)烈地感覺到，正是那些充斥著‘術(shù)語(yǔ)’和廢話的拙劣摘要嚴(yán)重地阻礙了科技交流”

——Sheila M.McNab

非常認(rèn)同這句話，我用它來(lái)開篇引出摘要的寫法敘述?？萍颊撐牡谋举|(zhì)是：用論文記錄你的有意義的研究，并通過(guò)期刊平臺(tái)分享交流，促進(jìn)學(xué)科的發(fā)展；同時(shí)，因?yàn)檎撐牡陌l(fā)表，學(xué)者在該領(lǐng)域的影響會(huì)提升。

所以，做為開場(chǎng)白的摘要，它不是金庸小說(shuō)充滿情節(jié)的"飛雪連天射白鹿,笑書神俠倚碧鴛"，更不是瓊瑤言情劇翻來(lái)覆去的“情深深雨蒙蒙”。可能把它比喻成小學(xué)生的日記會(huì)比較貼切吧！

精準(zhǔn)到位，以便交流，這是摘要的核心定位。它是總體文章的縮影，閱讀者看完就把握了文章的框架。如果這個(gè)框架內(nèi)容是閱讀者尋找的，那么才有繼續(xù)閱讀細(xì)節(jié)的必要性。

要點(diǎn)

摘要部分的寫法是有套路和模板的，也就是【1+1+n+1+1】的寫作套路，但也不絕對(duì)固定，可供參考：

一句簡(jiǎn)要的背景介紹。

一句進(jìn)行本研究的原因，即motivation（動(dòng)機(jī)）。

n句提出本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容，并簡(jiǎn)要介紹內(nèi)容，n = 3-5句話。

一句吹噓結(jié)論（結(jié)果），抓住讀者和眼球，總結(jié)結(jié)論時(shí)態(tài)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

一句強(qiáng)調(diào)研究意義。

典型實(shí)例

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

Inferring trip purposes and uncovering travel patterns from taxi trajectory data

Li Gong, Xi Liu, Lun Wu and Yu Liu

ABSTRACT

Global positioning system-enabled vehicles provide an efficient way to obtain large quantities of movement data for individuals（GPS在出行數(shù)據(jù)收集中的重要性）. However, the raw data usually lack activity information, which is highly valuable for a range of applications and services（轉(zhuǎn)折，存在不足，需要改進(jìn)）. This study provides a novel and practical framework for inferring the trip purposes of taxi passengers such that the semantics of taxi trajectory data can be enriched（立馬提出本文做了什么及意義）. The probability of points of interest to be visited is modeled by Bayes’ rules, which take both spatial and temporal constraints into consideration. Combining this approach with Monte Carlo simulations, we conduct a study on Shanghai taxi trajectory data（這兩句具體解釋了前面提出的approach）. Our results closely approximate the residents’ travel survey data in Shanghai（吹噓一下結(jié)果很好，吸引眼球）. Furthermore, we reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics of nine daily activity types based on inference results, including their temporal regularities, spatial dynamics, and distributions of trip lengths and directions（用furthermore來(lái)引導(dǎo)，用該方法做了哪些后續(xù)的內(nèi)容）. In the era of big data, we encounter the dilemma of “trajectory data rich but activity information poor” when investigating human movements from various data sources. This study presents a promising step toward mining abundant activity information from individuals’ trajectories（站在宏觀的角度，總敘下本研究的意義所在）.

一句背景介紹：說(shuō)明GPS在出行數(shù)據(jù)收集中的重要性。

一句進(jìn)行本研究的原因：原始數(shù)據(jù)存在活動(dòng)信息，阻礙了研究，需要改進(jìn)。

n句提出本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容，并簡(jiǎn)要介紹內(nèi)容：立馬提出本文做了什么、意義，即提出出行目的地判斷的方法，并簡(jiǎn)要介紹怎么做的。

一句吹噓結(jié)論（結(jié)果）：由這個(gè)方法得到的結(jié)合和上海市的出行調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)高度吻合。

用furthermore來(lái)引導(dǎo)，用該方法做了哪些后續(xù)的內(nèi)容。

一句強(qiáng)調(diào)研究意義：為軌跡數(shù)據(jù)挖掘出行活動(dòng)信息提供了有發(fā)展前景的方法（promising）。

一句進(jìn)行本研究的原因，即motivation（動(dòng)機(jī)）。

經(jīng)典語(yǔ)句摘錄

一句進(jìn)行本研究的原因，即motivation（動(dòng)機(jī)）

However, the raw data usually lack activity information, which is highly valuable for a range of applications and service.

We present a novel method that provides strategic and operational decision support to companies maneuvering this competitive and constantly changing market environment. (用“要解決什么問(wèn)題”的方式來(lái)反向說(shuō)明存在的問(wèn)題)

In this paper we develop a spatial decision support system that assists free-floating carsharing providers in countering imbalances between vehicle supply and customer demand in existing business areas and reduces the risk of imbalance when expanding the carsharing business to a new city. (用“要解決什么問(wèn)題”的方式來(lái)反向說(shuō)明存在的問(wèn)題)

n句提出本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容，并簡(jiǎn)要介紹內(nèi)容，n = 3-5句話;

This study provides a novel and practical framework for inferring the trip purposes of taxi passengers such that the semantics of taxi trajectory data can be enriched…

We present a novel method that provides strategic and operational decision support to companies maneuvering this competitive and constantly changing market environment…

In this paper we develop a spatial decision support system that…

一句吹噓結(jié)論（結(jié)果），抓住讀者和眼球，總結(jié)結(jié)論時(shí)態(tài)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);

Our results closely approximate the residents’ travel survey data in Shanghai

The results indicate that predicted and actual usage patterns are very similar.

We find that our approach correctly identifies areas with a high carsharing activity and can be easily adapted to other cities.

一句強(qiáng)調(diào)研究意義。

This study presents a promising step toward mining abundant activity information from individuals’ trajectories.

Hence, our approach can be used to define new business areas when expanding to new cities to include high demand areas and exclude low demand areas, thereby reducing the risk of supply-demand imbalance.

We find that our approach correctly identifies areas with a high carsharing activity and can be easily adapted to other cities.